Freeze-drying was evaluated as a production technique for co-amorphous systems of\na poorly water-soluble drug. Naproxen was freeze-dried together with arginine and lysine as co-former.\nTo increase the solubility of naproxen in the starting solution, the applicability of five surfactants\nwas investigated, namely sodium dodecyl sulfate, pluronic F-127, polyoxyethylene (40) stearate,\ntween 20 and TPGS 1000. The influence of the surfactant type, surfactant concentration and total solid\ncontent to be freeze-dried on the solid state of the sample was investigated. X-ray powder diffraction\nand differential scanning calorimetry showed that the majority of systems formed co-amorphous\none-phase systems. However, at higher surfactant concentrations, and depending on the surfactant\ntype, surfactant reflections were observed in the XRPD analysis upon production. Crystallization\nof both naproxen and amino acid occurred from some combinations under storage. In conclusion,\nfreeze-drying was shown to be a feasible technique for the production of a selection of co-amorphous\ndrugâ??amino acid formulations.
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